why might the Linux network stack (specifically UDP based connections) cause issues with some ISP’s, whereas the Windows network stack does not?
response:
UDP Checksum Offloading and Validation Differences
Windows and Linux handle UDP checksum offloading differently, and this is a common source of compatibility issues. Modern network adapters support offloading checksum calculations to hardware, but the implementations diverge:
Windows tends to be more conservative and standardized in how it requests and validates checksums, often defaulting to software checksums or careful hardware offload management
Linux (especially on certain driver/NIC combinations) may be more aggressive with offloading, and some ISP equipment or middleboxes don’t handle the resulting packets correctly—particularly older or less-tested hardware in the ISP’s infrastructure
Some ISPs filter or drop packets that don’t have valid checksums computed in the way their equipment expects, causing legitimate Linux packets to be dropped silently
Path MTU Discovery and Fragmentation Handling
Linux and Windows differ in their UDP fragmentation behavior, which can trigger issues with ISP filtering:
Linux may generate IP fragments more readily in certain conditions, and some ISPs have aggressive anti-fragmentation policies (sometimes overly broad)
Windows often uses larger initial packet sizes or handles fragmentation differently, avoiding triggering these policies as often
Some ISP firewalls are configured to drop fragmented UDP packets or UDP packets over a certain size, assuming they’re malicious traffic—Linux’s approach can hit these thresholds more frequently
Not to sound like a jerk but the only evidence so far is pointing to a local network/ISP issue. Under no circumstances should communication to your gateway be dropping packets. While using the udp or tcp flags for mtr your connection will be load balanced across the internet so it may be hitting infrastructure that isn’t replying to tests (I see the same results ~90% loss from my working connection). Can you run some tests from multiple devices at the same time? If we can prove one is working while your gaming setup is failing it will help us narrow down the scope